Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃-NPs) toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats: Pathological Investigations.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University

2 Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University

3 Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University

4 Agricultur Reasesrch Center (ARC), Animal Health Reasearch Institue (AHRI), Alexanderia Regional Laboratory , Alexanderia .

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs), particularly aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃-NPs), are widely utilized in diverse industries, including those related to industrial, biomedical, healthcare, cosmetic, and food sectors. In this study, 30 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three experimental groups, each consisting of 10 animals: a negative control group (CTR), a low-dose group receiving 15 mg/kg body weight (Bw) of Al₂O₃-NPs, and a high-dose group receiving 30 mg/kg Bw of Al₂O₃-NPs. The study assessed various physiological parameters, including initial and final body weight, weight gain, and organ index of liver and kidney. No significant differences were observed in these parameters across the groups. However, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, was noted in both liver and kidney tissues (P ≤ 0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed focal hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, and alterations in the portal areas of the liver. Kidney tissues exhibited focal interstitial nephritis, as well as degeneration and necrosis in renal tubular epithelium. These findings were obtained through a comprehensive pathological investigation, providing valuable insights into the potential toxicological effects of Al₂O₃-NPs in vivo.

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